Last Updated: January 2026 · Medically Reviewed

How Many Calories Should You Eat Per Day? (2026 Guide)

By Dr. Sarah Mitchell, M.D.·IndexBody Editorial Team
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How Many Calories Do You Actually Need?

Your daily calorie needs are not a fixed number. They depend on your age, sex, height, weight, and — most significantly — how active you are. The right figure is called your Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE): the total calories your body burns in a 24-hour period across all activities. Eat consistently at your TDEE and your weight stays stable. Eat below it and you lose weight. Eat above it and you gain.

The Mifflin-St Jeor Equation

The most accurate formula for estimating daily calorie needs is the Mifflin-St Jeor equation, endorsed by the American Dietetic Association and validated across diverse populations. It calculates your Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) — the calories your body burns at rest — which is then multiplied by an activity factor to estimate TDEE.

For men: BMR = (10 × kg) + (6.25 × cm) − (5 × age) + 5

For women: BMR = (10 × kg) + (6.25 × cm) − (5 × age) − 161

Activity Multipliers

Activity LevelMultiplierExample
Sedentary× 1.2Desk job, no exercise
Lightly Active× 1.375Exercise 1–3 days/week
Moderately Active× 1.55Exercise 3–5 days/week
Very Active× 1.725Hard exercise 6–7 days/week
Extremely Active× 1.9Twice-daily training / physical job

Calorie Targets by Goal

Weight loss: Aim for 500 calories below your TDEE per day. This creates a weekly deficit of 3,500 calories — enough to lose approximately 0.45–0.5kg of fat per week. This rate is widely endorsed as safe and sustainable, minimising muscle loss while allowing consistent progress.

Muscle gain: Eat 200–300 calories above your TDEE per day. A modest surplus maximises muscle gain while minimising fat accumulation. Larger surpluses accelerate fat gain without proportionally increasing muscle growth rate.

Maintenance: Eat at your TDEE. Weight stays stable. This is the baseline from which all other strategies are built.

Important: Never eat below your BMR without medical supervision. The floor for safe caloric restriction is approximately 1,200 calories for women and 1,500 calories for men.

Why Calorie Calculators Are Only Estimates

TDEE formulas are accurate within approximately 10 percent for most people — meaning a calculated TDEE of 2,000 calories could reflect a true TDEE of 1,800–2,200 calories. Individual variation in gut microbiome, hormonal status, non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), and metabolic efficiency all affect real-world calorie needs.

The practical fix: use the calculator as a starting point, then observe your weight over 2–3 weeks. If weight isn't changing as expected, adjust by 100–200 calories in the appropriate direction.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How many calories should I eat to lose weight?
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To lose approximately 0.5kg per week, eat 500 calories below your TDEE. For faster loss of 1kg per week, a deficit of 1,000 calories is the recommended maximum before muscle loss becomes a significant risk. Never go below 1,200 calories (women) or 1,500 calories (men).
Does eating less always mean losing weight?
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Not always. Very severe caloric restriction triggers metabolic adaptation: your body reduces BMR, decreases NEAT, and lowers thyroid hormone output to conserve energy. This is why extremely low calorie diets often stall after initial rapid loss. A moderate deficit of 500 calories/day avoids most adaptation.
Should I eat back exercise calories?
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This depends on how you calculated your TDEE. If you used a moderate activity multiplier, your exercise is already factored in — do not add calories back. If you used a sedentary multiplier, adding back 50–75% of exercise calories burned is a reasonable approach.
SM
Written & Reviewed by Dr. Sarah Mitchell, M.D.
Board-Certified Internal Medicine · 12 Years Clinical Experience
Dr. Mitchell reviews all IndexBody health content for clinical accuracy and alignment with WHO, CDC, and NIH guidelines. All articles are updated annually.

References & Sources

  1. Mifflin, M.D. et al. (1990). A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51(2), 241–247.
  2. Hall, K.D. et al. (2012). Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight. The Lancet, 378(9793), 826–837.
  3. Thomas, D.M. et al. (2014). Effect of dietary adherence on the body weight plateau. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100(4), 1024–1031.