SKINFOLD
BODY FAT

Estimate body fat using the Jackson-Pollock 3-site skinfold method.

✅ Jackson-Pollock Formula📊 3-Site Method📋 Caliper-Based
Jackson-Pollock 3-Site
Your Result
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Body Fat %
Sum of Skinfolds--
Category--
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Body Fat Reference Chart
CategoryMenWomenNotes
Essential Fat2–5%10–13%Minimum for survival
Athletic6–13%14–20%Competitive athletes
Fitness14–17%21–24%Active individuals
Average18–24%25–31%Acceptable range
Obese25%+32%+Health risk elevated
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The Jackson-Pollock Skinfold Method

The Jackson-Pollock 3-site skinfold method is a widely used, validated technique for estimating body fat percentage using skinfold calipers. For men, measurements are taken at the chest, abdomen, and thigh. For women, at the tricep, suprailiac (above the hip bone), and thigh. The sum of these three measurements, combined with age, is entered into the Siri density equation to estimate body fat percentage.

Accuracy

When performed correctly by a trained measurer, the JP3 method has a standard error of approximately 3.5% compared to hydrostatic weighing. Key sources of error include measurement technique, caliper quality, and biological variation (skin compressibility). Consistency in measurement site and technique is more important than absolute precision.

SM
Medically Reviewed by Dr. Sarah Mitchell, M.D.
Board-Certified Internal Medicine · 12 Years Clinical Experience
Dr. Mitchell reviews all IndexBody health content for clinical accuracy and alignment with WHO, CDC, and NIH guidelines.

Frequently Asked Questions

How accurate are skinfold measurements?
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When performed consistently by a trained measurer, skinfold measurements have a standard error of approximately 3–4% compared to hydrostatic weighing. Intra-rater reliability (same person measuring repeatedly) is typically high; inter-rater reliability (different measurers) varies.
Where do I measure for the Jackson-Pollock 3-site method?
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Men: chest (diagonal fold midway between the armpit and nipple), abdomen (vertical fold 2cm to the right of the navel), thigh (vertical fold on the front of the thigh midway between hip and knee). Women: tricep (vertical fold at the midpoint of the back of the upper arm), suprailiac (diagonal fold just above the hip crest), thigh (same as men).